What is Irrigation & Irrigation engineering ?

Hello friends, in this blog today I am going to tell you that how are you the branches of Irrigation engineering and what is Irrigation engineering? 

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In agricultural land, we need to use this method to deliver water.  Because with the help of this method, we collect a lot of water without any rain, we can collect irrigation in any way and we can irrigate it in agriculture, so there is a very good method.  And in this, we can also save a lot of water and in it  Due to this method watering with the help Irrigation of, the crop becomes very bad and there is not much use in agriculture.  But with their help, we are so good, we Irrigation.

⧪ What is Irrigation?

•It is an Artificial Method of supplying Water to Agriculture Field.

• Water As and when required.

• To get Maxi. production of the crop with highest Quality.

• Must be Eco-friendly.

⧪What is Irrigation Engineering?

• The physical structure Analysis & Design along with Construction to facilitate the Irrigation in the region is known as Irrigation Engineering.

⧪Types of Irrigation Engineering?

1. surface irrigation
2. subsurface irrigation

surface irrigation:- In surface irrigation, we leave water above the surface to agricultural land.

subsurface irrigation:-In this method, water flows are underground and nourishes plant roots by capillarity

⧪ Types of subsurface irrigation:- 

1. natural subsurface:- leakage water from channels during its passage through subsoil irrigation crops on lower lands.
2. artificial subsurface:-In this method system of laid below the soil this is a costly process so recommended in an area where crop provides high returns.

⧪ The most common methods of irrigation use:-

Furrow Irrigation

Border Irrigation

Sprinkler Irrigation

Drip Irrigation

⧪ Drip Irrigation

•The soil is wetted by small amounts of water dripped slowly through devices called

emitters.

•Water is applied 1-2 gallons per hours per emitter

•Requires less water than other forms

•Fertilizers and pesticides can be added to water

•High cost of installation

•Salts tend to accumulate on the soil surface and along wetted boundaries

⧪Sprinkler Irrigation

•Leveling is not as critical for sprinklers

•More uniform wetting- seed germination, salts washed away, less total water used

•Frost control

•Initial costs are higher than border and furrow irrigation systems   

⧪Border Irrigation

•Border irrigation is used where land is level

•This method is often used in orchards and vineyards and for hay, pasture and cereal
grains (areas bounded by levees running downslope) by siphons, gates or valves.


⧪Furrow Irrigation

•Furrow is one of the most widely used methods

•Water runs down the furrows between plant rows

•Water moves to all parts of the soil by capillary action or gravity

•This system is efficient in water utilization but is expensive due to labor

⧪Why Irrigate

The object of irrigation is to replace the water lost from the field soil by transpiration and evaporation, minus the annual rainfall (precipitation).

⧪ CLASSIFICATION  Irrigation: Method of Irrigation

A very large percentage of the earth’s landmass receives less than 20 inches of rain per year, the need for irrigation is very obvious

Farmers have irrigated crops for over 4,000 years

Even though irrigation has been practiced for so many years, modern methods were started as little as 200 years ago

⧪The selection of an irrigation system depends on

The type of crop
The climate of the area
The season
The method of application
The soil condition

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